27.4 Verbal Aspect (Future Tense)
In this module, you will learn how verbal aspect operates in the future tense.
Завдання 1
Look at the photos and the dialogues below. Note that all bolded verbs denote future actions. Then answer the questions about the dialogues that follow.
Ціка́во!
Unlike imperfective verbs, perfective verbs do NOT have present-tense forms, only past-tense and future-tense forms. Logically, this makes sense, as these verbs are used to convey the completion of actions (either realized in the past or intended in the future). Consequently, when one conjugates a perfective verb and applies what look like present-tense endings, the resulting verb forms will have future meaning:
За́втра я погово́рю з Мико́лою. = Tomorrow I’ll talk to Mykola.
Future-tense forms of prefixed perfective verbs (see module 26.1) are formed exactly like the present-tense forms of their imperfective counterparts (see modules starting with module 21.1 on how to form the present tense of imperfective verbs). The only thing that will allow one to distinguish between these verb forms is the prefix:
Я ча́сто сні́даю в кав’я́рні, але́ сього́дні я посні́даю вдо́ма. =
I often have breakfast at the coffee shop, but today I’ll have breakfast at home.
Завдання 2
Listen to the sentences below and indicate whether the action is happening at the moment of speaking (в цей моме́нт) or will happen tomorrow (за́втра). Then answer the questions that follow.
Завдання 3
Read the conversation between two friends and mark all verb forms that convey future actions. Then answer the questions that follow.
Завдання 4
Read the conversation between friends and fill in the blanks with the most appropriate verbs from the bank.
Завдання 5
Важли́во!
The perfective verbs that are not formed from their imperfective counterparts by means of adding a prefix often differ from their imperfective partners in how they conjugate.
Only a small group of such verbs will have the same pattern of endings as their imperfective partners. These are the perfectives of SOME verbs with the -ува- suffix. Remember these two common ones:
відві́дувати (відві́дую… відві́дують)
відві́дати (відві́даю… відві́дають)
отри́мувати (отри́мую… отри́мують)
отри́мати (отри́маю… отри́мають)
The imperfectives in these pairs lose the -ва- in the present tense. The aspectual partners take the same endings as the чита́ти type (see module 26.1), but they differ in the vowel that comes immediately before the endings: -у- in the imperfectives and -а- in the perfectives.
However, it is much more common for the aspectual partners that are not distinguished by a prefix to belong to different conjugation types, as illustrated by the verb pair пока́зувати – показа́ти below.
пока́зувати | показа́ти | |
---|---|---|
я | пока́зую | покажу́ |
ти | пока́зуєш | пока́жеш |
він/вона/воно | пока́зує | пока́же |
ми | пока́зуємо | пока́жемо |
ви | пока́зуєте | пока́жете |
вони | пока́зують | пока́жуть |
As you can see, the imperfective verb conjugates like працюва́ти (and takes the soft-vowel endings of the first conjugation) and the perfective verb conjugates like каза́ти (and takes the hard-vowel endings of the first conjugation).
Завдання 6
Read the short dialogues below and mark all verb forms that convey future actions. Then answer the questions that follow.
Завдання 7
Listen to the sentences below and indicate whether the action is happening at this moment (в цей моме́нт) or will happen tomorrow (за́втра). Then answer the questions that follow.
Завдання 8
Mark the two verbs in each dialogue that belong to the same aspectual pair. Then answer the questions that follow.
Важли́во!
Many aspectual partners that are not distinguished by a prefix belong to different conjugations, with the imperfective verb being part of the first conjugation and the perfective one being part of the second conjugation. Remember these common ones:
perfective verbs belonging to the лежа́ти and сиді́ти types (module 22.1)
- закі́нчувати – закі́нчити (закі́нчу… закі́нчать)
- вивча́ти – ви́вчити (ви́вчу… ви́вчать)
- запро́шувати – запроси́ти (запрошу́… запро́сять)
perfective verbs belonging to the говори́ти and люби́ти types (module 22.2)
- запі́знюватися – запізни́тися (запі́знюся… запі́зняться)
- купува́ти – купи́ти (куплю́… ку́плять)
- замовля́ти – замо́вити (замо́влю… замо́влять)
Завдання 9
Select the correct verb forms to complete the sentences below.
Завдання 10
Listen to the questions below and provide the most appropriate verb forms to create logical responses. Pay careful attention to the tense, person, and number required by the context.
Мовний пазл
Look through the activities you have just completed and choose the correct statements to summarize what you have learned.
А тепе́р тест!
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate verbs from the bank.